Methods and Apparatus to Monitor Media Content on a Consumer Network

ABSTRACT

Example methods and apparatus to monitor media content on a consumer network as described herein. An example metering system includes a metering device to monitor the consumption of media content at a consumer location and a universal plug and play (UPnP) compatible metering helper to collect audience measurement data from UPnP devices in a consumer network.

RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims priority from U.S. provisional application Ser.No. 60/782,768 filed Mar. 16, 2006, which is hereby incorporated byreference in its entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure pertains to audience measurement and, moreparticularly, to methods and apparatus for monitoring media content on aconsumer network.

BACKGROUND

Universal plug and play (UPnP) is a set of computer network protocolsthat define how networked devices discover each-other and communicate ona network. Because the UPnP architecture enables devices toautomatically be configured for a given network, it is well-suited foruse in consumer networks. For example, UPnP devices may be used tocreate a consumer network at a household.

An example UPnP consumer network may include a personal computer, adigital video recorder, and a television. In this example, when theconsumer brings a laptop with wireless networking in range of the UPnPconsumer network, the laptop may automatically join the UPnP consumernetwork, recognize devices on the network, and announce its presence toother devices on the network. The networked devices may then use theUPnP consumer network to transfer media content between one another. Inaddition, the devices may transmit control information (e.g., a commandinstructing a device to present media content), events associated withthe devices (e.g., an event indicating that a device is presenting mediacontent), and user interface components (e.g., a webpage that allowsusers to control devices).

Television ratings information is typically generated by collectingviewing records and/or other viewing information from a group ofstatistically selected households. Each of the statistically selectedhouseholds typically has a data logging and processing unit commonlyreferred to as a “home unit.” The home unit is often in communicationwith a variety of attachments that provide inputs to the home unit orreceive outputs from the home unit. The home unit usually processes theinputs (e.g., channel tuning information, viewer identities, etc.) fromthe attachments to produce viewing records. Viewing records may begenerated on a periodic or aperiodic basis (e.g., at fixed timeintervals or in response to events such as a change in the identit(ies)of the person(s) viewing the television, a change in the channel tuninginformation (i.e., a channel change), etc). Each viewing recordtypically contains channel information such as a station or channelnumber and a time (e.g., a date and time of day) at which the channelwas viewed. Of course, viewing records may contain other informationsuch as the identities of viewers present at the viewing time.

Often, the home unit collects a number of viewing records and transmitscollected viewing records to a central data processing facility forfurther processing or analysis. The central data processing facilityreceives viewing records from home units located in some or all of thestatistically selected households and analyzes the viewing records toascertain the viewing behavior(s) of a particular household or aparticular group of households selected from all participatinghouseholds. Additionally, the central data processing facility maygenerate viewing behavior statistics and/or other parameters indicativeof viewing behavior associated with some or all of the participatinghouseholds and/or with demographic or other groups that are representedby the particular household.

To generate viewing behavior information from viewing records, thecentral data processing facility may compare reference data such as alist of programs (i.e., a schedule of television programming ortelevision guide) to the viewing records. In this manner, the centraldata processing facility can infer which program was viewed by matchingthe time and channel information in a viewing record to the programassociated with that same time and channel in the program schedule. Sucha matching process can be carried out for each of the viewing recordsreceived by the central data processing facility, thereby enabling thecentral data processing facility to reconstruct what programs werewatched by all participating households and the times at which theprograms were watched.

Other manners of identifying programs are known. For example, the homeunit or other metering device can collect codes broadcast with mediacontent to identify the consumer(s) and/or the media content.Alternatively or additionally, the home unit or the metering device maycollect samples of the consumed media content or proxies for thosesamples to be compared against a database of known samples/proxies toidentify the media content.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an example system to monitor media contenton a consumer network.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the example metering helper of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the example metering helper of FIG. 2.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart representative of example machine readableinstructions which may be executed to implement the metering helper ofFIG. 1

FIG. 5 is a table illustrating an example virtual channel list.

FIG. 6 is a table illustrating an example helper event.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram of an example computer system that may be usedto execute the machine readable instructions represented by FIG. 4 toimplement the example metering helper of FIG. 3.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

An example system to monitor media content on a consumer networkcomprising universal plug and play (UPnP) devices is illustrated inFIG. 1. The example methods and apparatus described herein may be usedto monitor media content that is transmitted and/or presented by UPnPcapable devices. In the example methods and apparatus, a metering devicecomprises or is associated with a metering helper. The metering helperis capable of joining a UPnP device network, locating and communicatingwith UPnP devices on the UPnP device network, and storing informationabout the UPnP devices (e.g., location, status, etc.) on the UPnP devicenetwork. In particular, the metering helper may receive events output bya UPnP device indicating that the device is starting presentation ofmedia content, stopping presentation of media content, transmittingmedia content to another location, etc. The metering helper communicatesinformation about the events to the metering device for storage and/oranalysis.

As used herein, media content refers to any audio and/or visualmaterial. Thus, radio programming, television programming, internetcontent, and/or any other type of consumable content is media content.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an example system to monitor media contenton a consumer network. A consumer network may include any group ofdevices at a consumer location communicatively coupled to transmit mediacontent that is received from an upstream broadcast source. A consumernetwork may be a wired and/or wireless network of connected devices in ahome, a wired and/or wireless network of connected devices in an office,etc. FIG. 1 includes a consumer network 102 that is fed by a pluralityof media content sources 104 and communicatively coupled to a datacollection facility 126. The consumer network 102 may be any localnetwork that is capable of presenting media content to a consumer suchas, for example, a network at a household, a network at an officebuilding, a network at a conference facility, a network at ahotel/motel, a network at a business, etc. The plurality of mediacontent sources 104 may be any source(s) of media content that may besupplied to a consumer network 102. Examples of media content sources104 include satellite television, satellite radio, cable television,cable radio, broadcast television, broadcast radio, internet mediacontent, media content stored on consumer devices (e.g., portable mediaplayers, personal video recorders, digital video recorders, videocassette recorders, video gaming systems, etc.), video on demand (VOD),or any other source of media content.

The example consumer network 102 of FIG. 1 includes a network switch106, a hub 108, a first media server 110, a second media server 112, ametering helper 124, and a presentation location 114. The presentationlocation 114 includes a network renderer 116, a network media controller118, an information presentation device 120, and a metering device 122.Although for purposes of explanation, a representation of an exampleconsumer network 102 and an example presentation location 114 locatedinside of that consumer network 102 is shown in FIG. 1, persons ofordinary skill in the art will recognize that some or all of these orother components may be located in different locations of the consumernetwork 102 and/or may be located in multiple consumer locations. Inaddition, one or more consumer locations 102 may include other numbersof components than those shown in FIG. 1 including multiple viewinglocations 102 and/or multiple media servers, multiple presentationlocations, and/or multiple hubs and/or switches (as will be describedfurther below).

The network switch 106 and hub 108 are devices for providingcommunication between a plurality of devices on a network. The consumernetwork 102 of the illustrated example operates according to a universalplug and play (UPnP) network architecture. UPnP allows devices to beconnected to a network and allows devices to recognize other devices ona network. Of course, any other suitable network architecture includingupdates to and/or replacements for UPnP may be used to providecommunication amongst network devices. In addition, any type of networkconnection(s) may be used to connect devices such as, for example, anoptical network, a wired network, a wireless network, devices connectedvia a universal serial bus (USB), a firewire network, etc. Media contentand control instructions transmitted on the network may be communicatedusing any network protocol such as, for example, the hypertext transportprotocol (HTTP), the real-time transport protocol (RTP), thetransmission control protocol and/or internet protocol (TCP/IP), theuser datagram protocol (UDP), etc. The network configuration shown inFIG. 1 is for illustration purposes and it should be understood that anynetwork configuration capable of providing communication between aplurality of devices may be used. Further, a network configuration mayinclude any number of network switches 106 and/or hubs 108.

The first media server 110 and the second media server 112 of theillustrated example are able to receive media content from one or moreof the plurality of media content sources 104 and are connected to thenetwork switch 106 to provide communication with other devices. Thefirst and second media servers 110 and 112 may store received mediacontent for later transmission to other connected devices and/or mayimmediately transmit the media content to other connected devices. Forexample, the first media server 110 may be implemented by a personalcomputer (PC) and the second media server 112 may be implemented by adigital video recorder (DVR). Other devices capable of receiving andtransmitting media content may additionally or alternatively implementthe media servers. For example, either or both of the media servers maybe implemented by a video game console, a television set, a videocassette player/recorder, a digital versatile disk (DVD)player/recorder, a media center PC, a portable media player, and/or apersonal video recorder (PVR). While the example consumer network 102shown in FIG. 1 includes two media servers, persons of ordinary skill inthe art will appreciate that a consumer location may include no mediaservers or may alternatively include any other number of media servers(e.g., 1, 3, 4, 5, etc.).

The presentation location 114 may be any location serviced by theconsumer network 102 in which a consumer may be presented with mediacontent. A consumer network 102 may include multiple presentationlocations 114. For example, a household may include a plurality ofpresentation locations 114 such as, for example, a bedroom including atelevision and/or a radio, another bedroom including a radio, a livingroom including a computer and/or a television, a kitchen including atelevision and/or a radio, etc.

The network renderer 116 of the illustrated example is capable ofcommunicating with and/or receiving media content from the first and/orsecond media servers 110 and 112. The network renderer 116 is alsocapable of transmitting the received media content in a format suitablefor presentation by the information presentation device 120. The networkrenderer 116 may additionally provide an audible and/or a visible userinterface for presentation by the information presentation device 120.The example network renderer 116 shown in FIG. 1 is capable of operatingaccording to the UPnP network architecture to communicate with otherdevices on the network. Example network renderers include the D-Link®DSM 302 Media Player and/or media extenders compatible with Microsoft®Windows XP® Media Center Edition.

The network media controller 118 of the illustrated example is capableof controlling the flow of media content on the consumer network. Forexample, the network media controller 118 controls what media content issent to the network renderer(s) 118 available on the consumer network.The network media controller 118 (1) may be a standard remote controlthat is capable of controlling the first and second media servers 110and 112 and/or the network switch 106, (2) may be a device capable ofreceiving information from the first and second media servers 110 and112 and responding with instructions, (3) may be integrated in thenetwork renderer 116 to provide a user interface for the consumer tocontrol the transmission of media content, and/or (4) may be any otherdevice capable of controlling the transmission of media content on theconsumer network.

The information presentation device 120 of the illustrated examplereceives media content from the network renderer 116 and/or from one ormore of the plurality of media content sources 104 and presents thereceived media content for consumption by a local audience. Theinformation presentation device 120 may also present a user interfacesupplied by the network renderer 116. The information presentationdevice 120 may be any device capable of presenting media content to aconsumer. For example, the information presentation device 120 may be atelevision, a radio, a set top box, a computer, a stereo, a portabletelevision device, a portable media device, a cellular phone, a portableaudio device such as an MP3 player, a personal digital assistant, etc.The information presentation device 120 may additionally oralternatively be composed of a combination of devices such as, forexample, a television with a VCR attached or integrated therein, atelevision with a PVR attached or integrated therein, or a radio with atape recorder attached or integrated therein. In a combination ofdevices, the network renderer 116 may be connected to, for example, therecording component, which may record the media content and/or transmitthe media content to the presentation component.

The metering device 122 of the illustrated example is capable ofmonitoring the consumption of media content at the informationpresentation device 120. The metering device 122 may additionally becapable of monitoring the audience members consuming media content fromthe information presentation device 120 to determine, for example, thenumber of audience members present, demographics of audience memberspresent, etc. The metering device 122 may employ one or more of avariety of methods to determine the source and/or identity of mediacontent that is presented at the information presentation device 120.For example, the metering device 122 may extract and/or record ancillarycodes (e.g., audio and/or video codes identifying the correspondingprogram and/or station) embedded in the media content, signatures (e.g.,a portion of a program signal or proxy therefore representing acharacteristic of the content signal) extracted from the media content,metadata (e.g., URLs, packet headers, etc.) attached to or embedded inthe media content, or any other method to determine the source and/oridentity of the media content. Example methods and apparatus foridentifying media content received from a broadcast source (such as theplurality of media content sources 104) are described in U.S. Pat. No.5,481,294 and pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/955,691, whichare incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Theidentification of media content received from the consumer network isdescribed in further detail in conjunction with the metering helper 124.Metering data that is received, generated, and/or extracted from themedia content may be transmitted to the data collection facility 126 foranalysis. The data collection facility 126 may be any location(s)capable of receiving media content and/or metering data for storage,and/or analysis. The data collection facility 126 is typically a remotelocation associated with an audience measurement company communicativelycoupled to the metering device 122 of the consumer network 102 via wiredor wireless (e.g., cellular) telephone, wide area network, internet,etc.

The metering helper 124 of the illustrated example is capable ofassisting the metering device 122 in identifying media content that isreceived from the consumer network (e.g., transmitted from the firstand/or second media servers 110, 112 to the network renderer 116 andtransmitted from the network renderer 116 to the informationpresentation device 120). The example metering helper 124 is a UPnPdevice that is capable of recognizing and communicating with otherdevices on the consumer network. However, the metering helper 124 couldutilize any other method or protocol compatible with the consumernetwork.

The metering helper 124 of the illustrated example is capable ofgenerating a list of devices present on the consumer network, a list ofavailable media content on the consumer network, and/or a list of mediacontent currently being transmitted on the consumer network. Themetering helper 124 is further capable of transmitting the generatedlist(s) to the metering device 122. The metering device 122 of theillustrated example use(s) the generated list(s) to assist inidentifying media content that has been transmitted over the consumernetwork. For example, the metering device 122 may determine that theinformation presentation device 120 is presenting media content from thenetwork renderer 116 and may determine the identity and/or source ofthat media content from the generated list(s) received from the meteringhelper 124. The metering device 122 may additionally transmit thegenerated lists along with any metering data to the data collectionfacility 126 to facilitate analysis of the metering data by the datacollection facility 126.

While the example metering helper 124 of FIG. 1 is illustrated as astandalone device, the metering helper 124 may alternatively beintegrated with any other device on the consumer network 102. Forexample, the metering helper 124 may be integrated with the meteringdevice 122, the network media controller 118, the informationpresentation device 120, the network renderer 116, the first mediaserver 110, the second media server 112, the hub 108, and/or the networkswitch 106. In addition, if the data collection facility 126 isconnected to the consumer network 102, the metering helper 124 may beintegrated with the data collection facility 126.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an example implementation of the examplemetering helper 124 of FIG. 1. The metering helper 124 includes an inputand output component (I/O) 202, a processor 204, a memory 206, a UPnPstack 208, a helper 210, and a list storage 212.

The I/O component 202 of the example metering helper 124 is an Ethernetnetwork connection. However, the I/O component 202 may be implementedusing any communications method compatible with the consumer networksuch as, for example, a wireless network connection, a serialconnection, a USB connection, a firewire connection, etc.

The processor 204 of the illustrated example is capable of executinginstructions stored in the memory 206 to perform the functions of themetering helper 124. For example, the processor may execute instructionsto control the transmission of information between the helper 210 andthe list storage 212. The processor may be any type of processor and isfurther described in conjunction with FIG. 7.

The memory 206 is capable of storing data and instructions for theoperation of the metering helper 124. For example, the memory 206 maystore instructions for execution by the processor 204. The memory 206may be implemented using any type of memory and may additionally beimplemented using multiple memory components and/or multiple memorytypes. Example available memory types are described in further detail inconjunction with the description of FIG. 7.

The UPnP stack 208 of the illustrated example controls communicationbetween devices on the consumer network and the metering helper 124. Inparticular, the UPnP stack 208 is responsible for: 1) obtaining anaddress on the consumer network (e.g., assigning itself a valid address,receiving an address from a dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP)server, etc.), 2) discovering other devices connected to the consumernetwork, and 3) reporting the capabilities of the metering helper 124 tothe other devices on the network. Common UPnP devices are capable ofperforming the three responsibilities identified in the foregoingsentence and the responsibilities are, thus, not described in furtherdetail herein. In addition to containing instructions for performing thestandard responsibilities/functionalities of the UPnP stack 208, theUPnP stack 208 of the metering helper 124 also contains instructionsthat allow the metering helper 124 to perform media metering tasks. Forexample, the UPnP stack 208 contains instructions that allow themetering helper 124 to: 1) control devices connected to the consumernetwork, 2) handle events transmitted by devices on the consumer network(e.g., an event or instruction from the network media controller 118 tothe first media server 110 to send media content to the network renderer116), and 3) present a web page interface (not shown) for the meteringhelper 124.

The helper 210 of the illustrated example receives information fromdevices on the consumer network via the UPnP stack 208 and the I/Ocomponent 202. The helper 210 processes and/or analyzes the informationto retrieve information about the media content and/or to identify themedia content. In addition, the helper 210 transmits the information toa metering device (e.g., the metering device 122 of FIG. 1) and/or adata collection facility (e.g., the data collection facility 126 ofFIG. 1) via the I/O component 202. For example, the helper 210 mayreceive an event notification from a PVR indicating that the PVR hasbegun playback of media content. The helper 210 may respond to thisnotification by extracting the title and/or identifier for the mediacontent and/or the PVR and send a time-stamped message to a meteringdevice indicating that the PVR has begun playback of the media content.

The list storage 212 contains/stores data list(s) generated by themetering helper 124. For example, the list storage 212 may store list(s)of devices present on the consumer network, list(s) of available mediacontent on the consumer network, and/or list(s) of media contentcurrently being transmitted on the consumer network.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the example helper 210 of FIG. 2. Thehelper 210 of the illustrated example includes hardware, software,and/or firmware that allows the metering helper 124 to operate as anEvent Registration Handler 302, a Device List Creator 304, a UserInterface Handler 306, a Metering Device Communication Interface 308, aClock Synchronizer 310, and/or a Hint List Creator 312. Of course, anycombination of these components may be used and/or other components maybe added to the helper 210 as desired.

The event registration handler 302 of the illustrated example containshardware, software, and/or firmware that allows the metering helper 124to register for events at UPnP capable devices on the consumer networkand receive events output by UPnP capable devices on the consumernetwork. The event registration handler 302 of the illustrated exampleutilizes the event portion of the UPnP stack 208 to receive any and/orall events transmitted over the consumer network. The event registrationhandler 302 is further capable of determining the purpose of the eventand recording the purpose of the event in the list storage 212. Forexample, the event registration handler 302 may receive an event fromthe network media controller 118 instructing the second media server 112to transmit a specific media content program to the network renderer 116for presentation on the information presentation device 120. The eventregistration handler 302 may record the event in the list storage 212indicating the time, the date, the operation requested by the event(e.g., play, pause, stop), the source of the media content (e.g.,channel number on a broadcast network), and/or the content location(e.g., a uniform resource locator (URL)). Of course, this list ofattributes is only an example and any number of these and/or otherattributes may be recorded.

The device list creator 304 of the illustrated example is capable ofgenerating a list of available devices on the consumer network. Thedevice list creator 304 may utilize functionality of the UPnParchitecture to query the network for a list of available devices. Forexample, the device list creator 304 may broadcast a request for networkdevices to announce themselves and record any information received fromthe devices that respond. Alternatively, devices may automaticallybroadcast identifying/descriptive information upon recognizing theaddition of a device to the consumer network or when they are firstadded to a consumer network. The device information list may include,for each device, the network address of the device, the type of device(e.g., network renderer, media server, network media controller, etc.),and a nickname for the device. The list of available devices may bestored in the list storage 212.

The user interface handler 306 of the illustrated example generates auser interface useful for configuring the helper 210. The user interfacehandler 306 of the illustrated example additionally generates a userinterface to enable users to control the presentation of media contentat any presentation location. The user interface generated by the userinterface handler 306 may include information regarding the status ofthe helper 210 and/or any errors that occur during the operation of thehelper 210.

The metering device communication interface 308 of the illustratedexample is responsible for handling communication with any meteringdevice(s) on the consumer network. The metering device communicationinterface 308 works in conjunction with the UPnP stack 208 and/or thedevice list creator 304 to obtain a list of metering devices on thenetwork. Alternatively, the list of metering devices on the network andtheir respective locations may be manually programmed on the meteringhelper 124. The metering device communication interface 308 is furtherresponsible for transmitting lists stored in the list storage 212 to anymetering devices on the consumer network.

The clock synchronizer 310 of the illustrated example is responsible forsynchronizing an internal clock of the helper 210 with an internal clockin the metering device(s) attached to the consumer network.Synchronizing the clocks 210 and 310 ensures that timestamp recordscreated on any of the devices attached to the network will also besynchronized. The clock synchronizer 310 of the illustrated examplefunctions in conjunction with the metering device communicationinterface 308 to obtain the internal clock time of the metering device122 and/or to change the internal clock time of the metering device 122.

The hint list creator 312 of the illustrated example is responsible forcompiling the list(s) of data regarding media content that istransmitted over the consumer network. The hint list creator 312 of theillustrated example generates a virtual channel list (i.e., a hint list)of active media content on each of the first and second media servers110 and 112. In the illustrated example, the virtual channel list isstored at the metering helper 124 of FIG. 1. Additionally oralternatively, the virtual channel list may be transmitted to one ormore of the metering device 122 or the data collection facility 126. Inthe illustrated example, the virtual channel list is a UPnP traffic logfile. Persons of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that thevirtual channel list may alternatively be generated based on informationtransmitted on the network or based on information returned by a queryof devices connected to the network.

An example virtual channel list is illustrated in FIG. 5. Virtualchannels are representative numbers generated and assigned to mediacontent transmissions. Each entry in the virtual channel listcorresponds to a transmission of media content from one or more of themedia servers 110, 112 to one or more of the media renderers 116 and/orother devices on the consumer network. The virtual channel list includesthe virtual channel number assigned to the transmission (column 1 of thelist in FIG. 5), a network address of the media server (column 2 of thelist in FIG. 5), and a network address of the network renderer (column 3of the list in FIG. 5). For example, entry 502 of FIG. 2 indicates thattransmissions from the media server at network address xx.xx.xx.xx tothe network rendered at network address yy.yy.yy.yy is assigned virtualchannel number 1. The hint list creator 312 of the illustrated exampleis additionally responsible for generating helper events.

The helper events contain information about the media content that istransmitted to one or more network renderers, such as network renderer116. The example hint list creator 312 operates in conjunction with theevent registration handler 302 to generate helper events. When the eventregistration handler 302 receives an event regarding media content atthe network renderer 116, the hint list creator 312 creates a new helperevent.

An example helper event 600 that may be created by the example hint listcreator 312 of FIG. 3 and stored in the list storage 212 of FIG. 2 isillustrated in FIG. 6. The example helper event 600 includes a timestamp602, a state 604, a channel 606, a content URL 608, and a time increative 610. The timestamp 602 is assigned by the hint list creator312. The timestamp may be any timestamp value such as, for example, thenumber of seconds that have elapsed since 12:00:00 AM on Jan. 1, 1995.The state 604 indicates the command state associated with the helperevent 600. For example, the state may indicate that the event isassociated with the playing of media content, the pausing of mediacontent, the stopping of media content, the rewinding of media content,and/or the forwarding of media content. The channel 606 indicates thevirtual channel number associated with the helper event 600. The contentURL 608 indicates the universal resource locator (URL) associated withthe content. For example, the content URL 608 may be “\aaa\6 pmnew.mpg”. The time in creative 610 indicates an amount of time that haselapsed. For example, the time in creative 610 may indicate that themedia content has been paused for 12 seconds, that the media content hasbeen in playback for 15 minutes, etc.

A flowchart representative of example machine readable instructions forimplementing the metering helper 124 of FIG. 1, the metering helper 124of FIG. 2, the helper 210 of FIG. 2, and/or the helper 210 of FIG. 3 isshown in FIG. 4. In this example, the machine readable instructionscomprise a program for execution by a processor such as the processor712 shown in the example computer 700 discussed below in connection withFIG. 7. The program may be embodied in software stored on a tangiblemedium such as a CD-ROM, a floppy disk, a hard drive, a digitalversatile disk (DVD), or a memory associated with the processor 712, butpersons of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate that theentire program and/or parts thereof could alternatively be executed by adevice other than the processor 712 and/or embodied in firmware ordedicated hardware in a well known manner. For example, any or all ofmetering helper 124, the I/O 202, the processor 204, the memory 206, theUPnP stack 208, the helper 210, the list storage 212, the eventregistration handler 302, the device list creator 304, the userinterface handler 306, the metering device communication interface 308,the clock synchronizer 310, and/or the hint list creator 312 could beimplemented by software, hardware, and/or firmware. Further, althoughthe example program is described with reference to the flowchartsillustrated in FIG. 4, persons of ordinary skill in the art will readilyappreciate that many other methods of implementing the metering helper124 of FIG. 1, the metering helper 124 of FIG. 2, the helper 210 of FIG.2, and/or the helper 210 of FIG. 3 may alternatively be used. Forexample, the order of execution of the blocks may be changed, and/orsome of the blocks described may be changed, eliminated, or combined.

The example machine readable instructions of FIG. 4 begin with themetering helper 124 first creating an inventory of available devices onthe consumer network (block 402). This device inventory list creationmay be done by the device list creator 304. In addition to creating thedevice inventory list, the hint list creator 312 of the metering helper124 may additionally generate a virtual channel list of active mediacontent on the consumer network. After creating the device inventorylist and the virtual channel list, the clock synchronizer of themetering helper 124 synchronizes the internal clock with the internalclocks of any metering devices attached to the consumer network (block404). Then, the event registration handler 302 of the metering helper124 registers to receive events from the media device(s), meteringdevice(s), and/or other device(s) attached to the consumer network(block 406).

The metering helper 124 of the illustrated example then enters a loop todetect events transmitted on the consumer network. When an event isreceived (block 408), the metering helper 124 classifies it andcompletes a corresponding action. If a consumer browses or selects someavailable media content (block 410), control moves to block 412. Themetering helper 124 then retrieves or generates identificationinformation about the content selected using the hint list creator 312(block 412). The metering helper 124 may receive identificationinformation about media content as it is transmitted from one of themedia servers 110 and 112 to the network renderer 116 or may instructthe media servers 110 and 112 to transmit identification informationdirectly to the metering helper 124. Following the generation orreception of identification information (block 412), the metering helper124 returns to block 408 to wait for an event to be transmitted on theconsumer network.

If the event received from the consumer network indicates the consumerelected to play media content (block 414), control moves to block 416.The metering helper 124 then uses the hint list creator 312 to generatea helper event corresponding to the media content that is to be played(block 416). Following the generation of the helper event, controlreturns to block 408 to wait for an event to be transmitted on theconsumer network.

If the event received from the consumer network indicates the consumerhas elected to stop/halt the presentation of media content (block 418),control moves to block 420. The metering helper 124 then uses the hintlist creator 312 to complete the previously generated helper event(generated when the media content was first played) by storing the endtime or the duration of the playback of the media content (block 420).The helper event is then transmitted via the metering devicecommunication interface 308 to the metering device that corresponds tothe location at which the media content was presented (block 422). Themetering helper 124 may additionally or alternatively transmit thehelper event to other locations, including to other metering devicesand/or a remote data collection facility. Alternatively, the meteringhelper 124 may store the helper event with other helper events fortransmission of a plurality of helper events at a later time. Aftertransmitting the helper event, control returns to the block 408 to waitfor an event to be transmitted on the consumer network.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram of an example computer 700 capable ofimplementing the apparatus and methods disclosed herein. The computer700 can be, for example, a server, a personal computer, a personaldigital assistant (PDA), an Internet appliance, a DVD player, a CDplayer, a digital video recorder, a personal video recorder, a set topbox, or any other type of computing device.

The system 700 of the instant example includes a processor 712 such as ageneral purpose programmable processor. The processor 712 includes alocal memory 714, and executes coded instructions 716 present in thelocal memory 714 and/or in another memory device. The processor 712 mayexecute, among other things, the example machine readable instructionsillustrated in FIG. 4. The processor 712 may be any type of processingunit, such as a microprocessor from the Intel® Centrino® family ofmicroprocessors, the Intel® Pentium® family of microprocessors, theIntel® Itanium® family of microprocessors, and/or the Intel XScale®family of processors. Of course, other processors from other familiesare also appropriate.

The processor 712 is in communication with a main memory including avolatile memory 718 and a non-volatile memory 720 via a bus 722. Thevolatile memory 718 may be implemented by Synchronous Dynamic RandomAccess Memory (SDRAM), Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), RAMBUSDynamic Random Access Memory (RDRAM) and/or any other type of randomaccess memory device. The non-volatile memory 720 may be implemented byflash memory and/or any other desired type of memory device. Access tothe main memory 718, 720 is typically controlled by a memory controller(not shown) in a conventional manner.

The computer 700 also includes a conventional interface circuit 724. Theinterface circuit 724 may be implemented by any type of well knowninterface standard, such as an Ethernet interface, a universal serialbus (USB), and/or a third generation input/output (3GIO) interface.

One or more input devices 726 are connected to the interface circuit724. The input device(s) 726 permit a user to enter data and commandsinto the processor 712. The input device(s) can be implemented by, forexample, a keyboard, a mouse, a touchscreen, a track-pad, a trackball,isopoint and/or a voice recognition system.

One or more output devices 728 are also connected to the interfacecircuit 724. The output devices 728 can be implemented, for example, bydisplay devices (e.g., a liquid crystal display, a cathode ray tubedisplay (CRT), a printer and/or speakers). The interface circuit 724,thus, typically includes a graphics driver card.

The interface circuit 724 also includes a communication device such as amodem or network interface card to facilitate exchange of data withexternal computers via a network (e.g., an Ethernet connection, awireless network connection (e.g., a Bluetooth wireless networkconnection, a network connection that operates according to any of the801.11 protocols, an infrared connection, etc.), a FireWire connection,a universal serial bus (USB) connection, a digital subscriber line(DSL), a telephone line, coaxial cable, a cellular telephone system,etc.).

The computer 700 also includes one or more mass storage devices 730 forstoring software and data. Examples of such mass storage devices 730include floppy disk drives, hard drive disks, compact disk drives, anddigital versatile disk (DVD) drives. The mass storage device 730 mayimplement all or a part of the memory 206 of FIG. 2.

Although this patent discloses example systems including software orfirmware executed on hardware, it should be noted that such systems aremerely illustrative and should not be considered as limiting. Forexample, it is contemplated that any or all of these hardware andsoftware components could be embodied exclusively in hardware,exclusively in software, exclusively in firmware or in some combinationof hardware, firmware and/or software. Accordingly, while the abovespecification described example systems, methods and articles ofmanufacture, persons of ordinary skill in the art will readilyappreciate that the examples are not the only way to implement suchsystems, methods and articles of manufacture. Therefore, althoughcertain example methods, apparatus and articles of manufacture have beendescribed herein, the scope of coverage of this patent is not limitedthereto. On the contrary, this patent covers all methods, apparatus andarticles of manufacture fairly falling within the scope of the appendedclaims either literally or under the doctrine of equivalents.

1. A method of monitoring media content comprising: identifying a firstdevice that supports universal plug and play (UPnP); receiving an eventfrom the first device; analyzing the event to determine if the firstdevice is at least one of presenting media content or displaying a listof available media content; and storing information based on theanalysis.
 2. A method as defined in claim 1, further comprisingtransmitting the information to at least one of a second location or asecond device.
 3. A method as defined in claim 2, wherein the seconddevice is a metering device.
 4. A method as defined in claim 2, whereinthe second location is a data collection facility.
 5. A method asdefined in claim 1, further comprising synchronizing a clock with aclock associated with a metering device.
 6. A method as defined in claim1, wherein the first device is attached to a network.
 7. A method asdefined in claim 6, further comprising generating a list of devicesconnected to the network based on information published by the devicesvia a UPnP protocol.
 8. A method as defined in claim 6, furthercomprising generating a list of media content associated with devicesconnected to the network.
 9. A method as defined in claim 8, wherein thelist of media content comprises an entry for each media contentavailable.
 10. A method as defined in claim 9, further comprisingassigning a virtual channel identifier to each entry in the list ofmedia content.
 11. A method as defined in claim 1, further comprisinggenerating a list of media content associated with the first device. 12.A method as defined in claim 1, further comprising registering toreceive UPnP events from the first device.
 13. A method as defined inclaim 1, wherein the information is stored in a helper event.
 14. Amethod as defined in claim 13, wherein the helper event comprises atleast one of a timestamp, a state, a channel identifier, a universalresource locator (URL), or a time in creative.
 15. An apparatuscomprising a universal plug and play (UPnP) stack to communicate withdevices on a UPnP network, to identify a first device that supportsuniversal plug and play (UPnP), and to receive an event from the firstdevice; a helper to analyze the event to determine if the first deviceis at least one of presenting media content or displaying a list ofavailable media content; and a list storage to store information basedon the analysis.
 16. An apparatus as defined in claim 15, furthercomprising an input/output component to transmit the information to atleast one of a second location or a second device.
 17. An apparatus asdefined in claim 16, wherein the second device is a metering device. 18.An apparatus as defined in claim 16, wherein the second location is adata collection facility.
 19. An apparatus as defined in claim 15,wherein the helper is further to synchronize a clock with a clockassociated with a metering device.
 20. An apparatus as defined in claim15, wherein the first device is attached to a network.
 21. An apparatusas defined in claim 20, wherein the helper is further to generate a listof devices connected to the network based on information published bythe devices via a UPnP protocol.
 22. An apparatus as defined in claim20, wherein the helper is further to generate a list of media contentassociated with devices connected to the network. 23-28. (canceled) 29.An apparatus as defined in claim 15, wherein the helper comprises atleast one of: an event registration handler to register to receive UPnPevents from the first device; a device list creator to generate a listof devices connected to the UPnP network; a user interface handler togenerate a user interface for configuring the apparatus; a meteringdevice communication device to communicate with a metering device; aclock synchronizer to synchronize a clock with a clock associated with ametering device; and and a hint list creator to generate a list of mediacontent associated with devices connected to the UPnP network.
 30. Ametering system comprising: a metering device to monitor the consumptionof media content at a consumer location; and a universal plug and play(UPnP) compatible metering helper to collect audience measurement datafrom UPnP devices in a consumer network.
 31. (canceled)
 32. A meteringsystem as defined in claim 30, wherein the UPnP compatible meteringhelper is further to: communicate with devices on a UPnP network;identify a first device that supports UPnP, and to receive an event fromthe first device; analyze the event to determine if the first device isat least one of presenting media content or displaying a list ofavailable media content; and store information based on the analysis.33-43. (canceled)